Methods to increase muscle tonus of upper airway to treat snoring: systematic review.

BACKGROUND Snoring is the noise caused by vibration during the in-breath; and which structure actually vibrates depends on many factors. OBJECTIVE The treatment of snoring with methods to increase muscle tonus of upper airway has been controversial, and poorly reported, thus a review of evidence is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of these methods. METHOD A review of randomized or quasi-randomized, double blind trials on snoring treatment that have employed any method to increase muscle tonus of upper airway like phonotherapy or physical therapy among others. OUTCOMES decrease or completely stop of snoring, sleep quality, quality of life, and adverse events. RESULTS Three eligible trials were potentially analyzed, but none of them could provide good scientific evidence favoring the intervention. The objective analyses of one study showed improvement of snoring, although the objective sub-analyses and subjective analyses showed controversial results. The adverse events were not reported. CONCLUSION There is no enough evidence to support the recommendation of methods to increase muscle tonus of upper airways in treatment of snoring. Well designed randomized clinical trials are needed to asses the efficacy of such methods, and a standard and worldwide accepted method for snoring assessment would be useful for future researches.